Introduction: Half or more patients treated with anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for relapsed and/or refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) do not experience durable remissions. Patients that have responded to CAR-T by conventional radiologic criteria but with detectable ctDNA (minimal residual disease [MRD] positive) are at high risk of subsequent progression. We hypothesised that CD20xCD3 bispecific antibodies (BsAb) may prevent progression in MRD positive patients, and that a low-burden disease state may lead to favourable disease control and safety profile from a fixed course of BsAb. Here we report preliminary results up to the interim response assessment after Cycle 2 for the first 10 patients enrolled in EpLCART (NCT06414148)
Methods: Eligible patients must have received commercial CAR-T for LBCL and be in a response by PET but MRD positive between D+25 and D+100 post-infusion. ctDNA MRD status is reported using the KAPA HyperCap DS NHL panel (Roche Diagnostics) and a a custom bioinformatics pipeline, based on reporter variants establish from baseline tumour or ctDNA. Enrolled patients receive 6 cycles of epcor-alone or epcor-R2.
Results: 42 patients underwent ctDNA testing after CAR T-cell infusion between February 5, 2024, and November 4, 2024. The median turn-around time was 12 days. 14 patients (33%) were MRD positive between D+25 and D+100 post infusion, and 10 patients enrolled in EpLCART. The treatment was well-tolerated, with no cases of Grade >1 CRS and no ICANS. There were 9 clinical or microbiologically proven infections. At the interim response assessment, 8 out of 10 patients were MRD negative.
Conclusions: Monitoring of ctDNA after CAR T-cell infusion is feasible, with a turn-around time that allows intervention prior to clinical progression in most cases to date. Epcor-alone or Epcor-R2 appears deliverable in the early post-CAR-T period, with a favourable toxicity profile and encouraging MRD responses.